Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method.
The two most commonly used methods to analyze data from real-time, quantitative PCR experiments are absolute quantification and relative quantification. Absolute quantification determines the input copy number, usually by relating the PCR signal to a standard curve. Relative quantification relates the PCR signal of the target transcript in a treatment group to that of another sample such as an untreated control.
The 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method is a convenient way to analyze the relative changes in gene expression from real-time quantitative PCR experiments. The purpose of this report is to present the derivation, assumptions, and applications of the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. In addition, we present the derivation and applications of two variations of the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method that may be useful in the analysis of real-time, quantitative PCR data.
Monkey (Rhesus) Normal Adrenal Gland Whole tissue lysate |
|||
| MRL-1267 | Alpha Diagnostics | 1 mg | EUR 927.6 |
cDNA - Human Adult Normal Tissue: Adrenal |
|||
| C1234004 | Biochain | 40 reactions | EUR 385 |
cDNA - Monkey (Rhesus) Normal Tissue: Adrenal |
|||
| C1534004 | Biochain | 40 reactions | EUR 578 |
cDNA - Monkey (Cynomolgus) Normal Tissue: Adrenal |
|||
| C1534004-Cy | Biochain | 40 reactions | EUR 578 |
BAM-12P, Bovine Adrenal Medulla Docosapeptide |
|||
| 5-00748 | CHI Scientific | 4 x 1mg | Ask for price |
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGBOGLARFX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGBOGLARFX2 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGBOGLARPX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGBOGLARPX2 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGBOGLARSX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGBOGLARSX2 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGBOGLARZX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGBOGLARZX2 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGCLFGLARFX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGCLFGLARFX2 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGCLFGLARPX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 210 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGCLFGLARPX2 | Innovative research | each | EUR 210 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGCLFGLARSX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 210 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGCLFGLARSX2 | Innovative research | each | EUR 210 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGCLFGLARZX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGCLFGLARZX2 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Cortex |
|||
| IGBOGLARCFX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Cortex |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Cortex |
|||
| IGBOGLARCPX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Cortex |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Cortex |
|||
| IGBOGLARCSX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 210 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Cortex |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Cortex |
|||
| IGBOGLARCZX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 210 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Cortex |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Cortex |
|||
| IGCLFGLARCFX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Cortex |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Cortex |
|||
| IGCLFGLARCPX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 210 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Cortex |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Cortex |
|||
| IGCLFGLARCSX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 210 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Cortex |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Cortex |
|||
| IGCLFGLARCZX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Cortex |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Medulla |
|||
| IGBOGLARMFX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 210 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Medulla |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Medulla |
|||
| IGBOGLARMPX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 210 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Medulla |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Medulla |
|||
| IGBOGLARMSX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Medulla |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Medulla |
|||
| IGBOGLARMZX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Medulla |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Medulla |
|||
| IGCLFGLARMFX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Medulla |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Medulla |
|||
| IGCLFGLARMPX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 210 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Medulla |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Medulla |
|||
| IGCLFGLARMSX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 210 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Medulla |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Medulla |
|||
| IGCLFGLARMZX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Gland Adrenal Medulla |
|||
Bovine EYE WHOLE 25 EA* |
|||
| 57111-2 | Pel-Freez | 25 EA | EUR 354.66 |
Bovine Adrenaline ELISA Kit |
|||
| QY-E60146 | Qayee Biotechnology | 96T | EUR 511.2 |
Bovine KIDNEY WHOLE 2 EA* |
|||
| 57120-2 | Pel-Freez | 2 EA | EUR 209.81 |
Bovine PITUITARY WHOLE 25 EA* |
|||
| 57133-2 | Pel-Freez | 25 EA | EUR 717.46 |
cDNA - Human Adult Normal Tissue: Whole Eye |
|||
| C1234108-10 | Biochain | 10 reactions | EUR 468 |
cDNA - Human Diabetic Diseased Tissue: Whole Eye |
|||
| C1236108Dia-10 | Biochain | 10 reactions | EUR 393 |
Bovine Epinephrine/ Adrenaline ELISA Kit |
|||
| ELA-E0858b | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 1113.6 |
cDNA - Monkey (Cynomolgus) Normal Tissue: Whole Eye |
|||
| C1534108-Cy | Biochain | 40 reactions | EUR 578 |
Bovine Epinephrine/Adrenaline,EPI ELISA Kit |
|||
| CN-00494B1 | ChemNorm | 96T | EUR 536.4 |
Bovine Epinephrine/Adrenaline,EPI ELISA Kit |
|||
| CN-00494B2 | ChemNorm | 48T | EUR 355.2 |
Bovine Epinephrine/Adrenaline,EPI ELISA Kit |
|||
| YLA0019BO-48T | Shanghai YL Biotech | 48T | EUR 502.5 |
Bovine Epinephrine/Adrenaline,EPI ELISA Kit |
|||
| YLA0019BO-96T | Shanghai YL Biotech | 96T | EUR 618.75 |
Bovine Epinephrine/Adrenaline (EPI) ELISA Kit |
|||
| SL0234Bo | Sunlong | - | Ask for price |
Adrenal Lysate |
|||
| 1417 | ProSci | 0.1 mg | EUR 229.2 |
|
Description: Adrenal tissue lysate was prepared by homogenization in modified RIPA buffer (150 mM sodium chloride, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 1% Triton X-100, 1% sodium deoxycholic acid, 0.1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 5 μg/ml of aprotinin, 5 μg/ml of leupeptin. Tissue and cell debris was removed by centrifugation. Protein concentration was determined with Bio-Rad protein assay. The product was boiled for 5 min in 1 x SDS sample buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 12.5% glycerol, 1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 0.01% bromophenol blue) containing 50 mM DTT. |
|||
Adrenal Lysate |
|||
| 1470 | ProSci | 0.1 mg | EUR 229.2 |
|
Description: Adrenal tissue lysate was prepared by homogenization in modified RIPA buffer (150 mM sodium chloride, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 1% Triton X-100, 1% sodium deoxycholic acid, 0.1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 5 μg/ml of aprotinin, 5 μg/ml of leupeptin. Tissue and cell debris was removed by centrifugation. Protein concentration was determined with Bio-Rad protein assay. The product was boiled for 5 min in 1 x SDS sample buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 12.5% glycerol, 1% sodium dodecylsulfate, 0.01% bromophenol blue) containing 50 mM DTT. |
|||
Adrenal Lysate |
|||
| 21-160 | ProSci | 0.1 mg | EUR 468.6 |
|
Description: Monkey (Cynomolgus) adrenal tissue lysate was prepared by homogenization using a proprietary technique. The tissue was frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after excision and then stored at -70°C. The monkey (Cynomolgus) adrenal tissue total protein is provided in a buffer including HEPES (pH 7.9), MgCl2, KCl, EDTA, Sucrose, Glycerol, Sodium deoxycholate, NP-40, and a cocktail of protease inhibitors. For quality control purposes, the adrenal tissue pattern on SDS-PAGE gel is shown to be consistent for each lot by visualization with coomassie blue staining. The adrenal tissue is then Western analyzed by either GAPDH or β-actin antibody, and the expression level is consistent with each lot. |
|||
Adrenal Lysate |
|||
| XBL-11050 | ProSci | 0.1 mg | EUR 663.9 |
|
Description: Human adrenal tissue lysate was prepared by homogenization using a proprietary technique. The tissue was frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after excision and then stored at -70°C. The human adrenal tissue total protein is provided in a buffer including HEPES (pH7.9), MgCl2, KCl, EDTA, Sucrose, Glycerol, Sodium deoxycholate, NP-40, and a cocktail of protease inhibitors. For quality control purposes, the adrenal tissue pattern on SDS-PAGE gel is shown to be consistent for each lot by visualization with coomassie blue staining. The adrenal tissue is then Western analyzed by either GAPDH or β-actin antibody, and the expression level is consistent with each lot. |
|||
Adrenal gland disease spectrum (adrenal gland cancer progression) tissue array (2017 WHO classification) |
|||
| AD2081a | TissueArray | each | EUR 546 |
|
Description: Adrenal gland disease spectrum (adrenal gland cancer progression) tissue array (2017 WHO classification), including TNM and clinical stage (AJCC 7th edition), 96 cases/192 cores, replacing AD2081 |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBK2E1000ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 312 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBK2E100ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 171 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBK2E500ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 230 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBK2E50ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 136 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBK3E1000ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 312 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBK3E100ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 171 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBK3E500ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 230 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBK3E50ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 136 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBKOF1000ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 312 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBKOF100ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 171 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBKOF500ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 230 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBKOF50ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 136 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBKOX1000ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 312 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBKOX100ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 171 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBKOX500ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 230 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBKOX50ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 136 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBLIH1000ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 312 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBLIH100ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 171 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBLIH500ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 230 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBLIH50ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 136 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBNAC1000ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 312 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBNAC100ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 171 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBNAC500ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 230 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBNAC50ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 136 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBNAE1000ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 312 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBNAE100ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 171 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBNAE500ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 230 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBNAE50ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 136 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBNAH1000ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 312 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBNAH100ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 171 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBNAH500ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 230 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
| IGBOWBNAH50ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 136 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Bovine Whole Blood |
|||
Adrenal tumors with normal adrenal tissue and matched cancer adjacent adrenal tissue array |
|||
| AG991 | TissueArray | each | EUR 356 |
|
Description: Adrenal tumors with normal adrenal tissue and matched cancer adjacent adrenal tissue array, including TNM and clinical stage (AJCC 8th edition), 93 cases/99 cores (core size 1.5mm) |
|||
Adrenal Dissociation System 9 (Adrenal), Mouse and Rat |
|||
| 4-20209 | CHI Scientific | ea | Ask for price |
Rabbit Anti Bovine Whole Serum Polyclonal Antiserum |
|||
| IRBABOSERASER1ML | Innovative research | each | EUR 89 |
|
Description: Rabbit Anti Bovine Whole Serum Polyclonal Antiserum |
|||
Adrenal Dissociation System 2 (Leydig, Adrenal), Mouse and Rat |
|||
| 4-20202 | CHI Scientific | ea | Ask for price |
Paraffin Tissue Section - Human Adrenal Tumor: Adrenal Pheochromocytoma |
|||
| T2235004-2 | Biochain | 5 slides | EUR 238 |
Rabbit anti Whole Bovine serum antibody (IgG fraction) |
|||
| 40R-RB002 | Fitzgerald | 20 mg | EUR 392.4 |
|
Description: Affinity purified Rabbit polyclonal Rabbit anti Whole Bovine serum antibody (IgG fraction) |
|||
Adrenal Lupus Lysate |
|||
| XBL-10316 | ProSci | 0.1 mg | EUR 796.2 |
|
Description: Human adrenal tissue lysate was prepared by homogenization using a proprietary technique. The tissue was frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after excision and then stored at -70°C. The human adrenal tissue total protein is provided in a buffer including HEPES (pH7.9), MgCl2, KCl, EDTA, Sucrose, Glycerol, Sodium deoxycholate, NP-40, and a cocktail of protease inhibitors. For quality control purposes, the adrenal tissue pattern on SDS-PAGE gel is shown to be consistent for each lot by visualization with coomassie blue staining. The adrenal tissue is then Western analyzed by either GAPDH or β-actin antibody, and the expression level is consistent with each lot. |
|||
Pig ADRENAL 50 EA* |
|||
| 59401-2 | Pel-Freez | 50 EA | EUR 528.23 |
Adrenal Membrane Lysate |
|||
| XBL-10454 | ProSci | 0.1 mg | EUR 884.4 |
|
Description: Human adrenal tissue membrane protein lysate was prepared by isolating the membrane protein from whole tissue homogenates using a proprietary technique. The human adrenal tissue was frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after excision and then stored at -70°C. The membrane protein is provided in a buffer including HEPES (pH 7.9), MgCl2, KCl, EDTA, Sucrose, Glycerol, sodium deoxycholate, NP-40, and a cocktail of protease inhibitors. For quality control purposes, the isolated adrenal tissue membrane protein pattern on SDS-PAGE gel is shown to be consistent for each lot by visualization with coomassie blue staining. The isolated adrenal tissue membrane protein is then Western analyzed by either GAPDH or β-actin antibody to confirm there is no signal or very weak signal. |
|||
Rabbit ADRENAL 50 EA |
|||
| 41201-2 | Pel-Freez | 50 EA | EUR 409.48 |
Adrenal Cytoplasmic Lysate |
|||
| XBL-10453 | ProSci | 0.1 mg | EUR 273.3 |
|
Description: Human adrenal tissue cytoplasmic protein lysate was prepared by isolating the cytoplasmic protein from whole tissue homogenates using a proprietary technique. The human adrenal tissue was frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after excision and then stored at -70°C. The cytoplasmic protein is provided in a buffer including HEPES (pH 7.9), MgCl2, KCl, EDTA, Sucrose, glycerol, and a cocktail of protease inhibitors. For quality control purposes, the isolated adrenal tissue cytoplasmic protein pattern on SDS-PAGE gel is shown to be consistent for each lot by visualization with coomassie blue staining. The isolated adrenal tissue cytoplasmic protein is then Western analyzed by GAPDH antibody, and the expression level is consistent with each lot. |
|||
Adrenal Dissociation System 4 (Heart, Adrenal chromaffin, Paraneurons), Mouse and Rat |
|||
| 4-20204 | CHI Scientific | ea | Ask for price |
Total Protein - Lupus: Adrenal |
|||
| P1236004Lup | Biochain | 1 mg | EUR 486 |
Adrenal Liver Cirrhosis Lysate |
|||
| XBL-10315 | ProSci | 0.1 mg | EUR 796.2 |
|
Description: Human adrenal tissue lysate was prepared by homogenization using a proprietary technique. The tissue was frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after excision and then stored at -70°C. The human adrenal tissue total protein is provided in a buffer including HEPES (pH7.9), MgCl2, KCl, EDTA, Sucrose, Glycerol, Sodium deoxycholate, NP-40, and a cocktail of protease inhibitors. For quality control purposes, the adrenal tissue pattern on SDS-PAGE gel is shown to be consistent for each lot by visualization with coomassie blue staining. The adrenal tissue is then Western analyzed by either GAPDH or β-actin antibody, and the expression level is consistent with each lot. |
|||
Rabbit ADRENAL MATURE 50 EA |
|||
| 41301-2 | Pel-Freez | 50 EA | EUR 409.48 |
Rat Gland Adrenal Tissue Lysate |
|||
| IRTGLARTL100UG | Innovative research | each | EUR 245 |
|
Description: Rat Gland Adrenal Tissue Lysate |
|||
Human Gland Adrenal Tissue Lysate |
|||
| IHUGLARTL100UG | Innovative research | each | EUR 1067 |
|
Description: Human Gland Adrenal Tissue Lysate |
|||
Mouse Gland Adrenal Tissue Lysate |
|||
| IMSGLARTL100UG | Innovative research | each | EUR 245 |
|
Description: Mouse Gland Adrenal Tissue Lysate |
|||
Frozen Tissue Section - Lupus: Adrenal |
|||
| T1236004Lup | Biochain | 5 slides | EUR 515 |
Total Protein - Liver Cirrhosis: Adrenal |
|||
| P1236004Lcs | Biochain | 1 mg | EUR 471 |
Total RNA - Human Tumor Tissue: Adrenal |
|||
| R1235004-10 | Biochain | 10 ug | EUR 400 |
Genorise® Bovine IL-1b cDNA Clone, 10 ug |
|||
| GR152001 | Genorise Scientific | 10 µg | EUR 153 |
Adrenal gland cancer test tissue array |
|||
| T433 | TissueArray | each | EUR 48 |
|
Description: Adrenal gland cancer test tissue array, with normal tissue, 2 serial sections, 6 cases/26 cores |
|||
Human adrenal cortex antibody ELISA Kit |
|||
| ELA-E0342h | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 988.8 |
Human Lupus Gland Adrenal Tissue Lysate |
|||
| IHUGLARLUPPTL100UG | Innovative research | each | EUR 1413 |
|
Description: Human Lupus Gland Adrenal Tissue Lysate |
|||
Total Protein - Human Tumor Tissue: Adrenal |
|||
| P1235004 | Biochain | 1 mg | EUR 471 |
Frozen Tissue Section - Human Tumor: Adrenal |
|||
| T1235004 | Biochain | 5 slides | EUR 330 |
Paraffin Tissue Section - Human Adrenal Tumor |
|||
| T2235004 | Biochain | 5 slides | EUR 238 |
Rat adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E02A2028-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Rat adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E02A2028-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Rat adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E02A2028-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Pig adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E07A2028-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Pig adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E07A2028-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Pig adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E07A2028-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Dog adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E08A2028-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Dog adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E08A2028-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Dog adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E08A2028-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Human Gland Adrenal Lysate Membrane Fraction |
|||
| IHUGLARTLM100UG | Innovative research | each | EUR 1413 |
|
Description: Human Gland Adrenal Lysate Membrane Fraction |
|||
Goat adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E06A2028-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Goat adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E06A2028-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Goat adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E06A2028-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Monkey Cynomolgus Gland Adrenal Tissue Lysate |
|||
| IMNCYGLARTL100UG | Innovative research | each | EUR 804 |
|
Description: Monkey Cynomolgus Gland Adrenal Tissue Lysate |
|||
Human adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA Kit |
|||
| 201-12-0523 | SunredBio | 96 tests | EUR 528 |
|
Description: A quantitative ELISA kit for measuring Human in samples from biological fluids. |
|||
Human Adrenal Cortex Antibody (ACA) ELISA Kit |
|||
| abx053206-96tests | Abbexa | 96 tests | EUR 801.6 |
Human adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA Kit |
|||
| CN-03832H1 | ChemNorm | 96T | EUR 542.4 |
Human adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA Kit |
|||
| CN-03832H2 | ChemNorm | 48T | EUR 362.4 |
Human adrenal cortex antibody, ACA ELISA Kit |
|||
| CSB-E04977h-24T | Cusabio | 1 plate of 24 wells | EUR 198 |
|
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human adrenal cortex antibody, ACA in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price. |
|||
Human adrenal cortex antibody, ACA ELISA Kit |
|||
| 1-CSB-E04977h | Cusabio |
|
|
|
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human adrenal cortex antibody, ACA in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits. |
|||
Mouse adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E03A2028-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Mouse adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E03A2028-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Mouse adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E03A2028-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Human adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E01A2028-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Human adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E01A2028-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Human adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E01A2028-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Human adrenal cortex antibody(ACA)ELISA Kit |
|||
| GA-E0539HM-48T | GenAsia Biotech | 48T | EUR 346.8 |
Human adrenal cortex antibody(ACA)ELISA Kit |
|||
| GA-E0539HM-96T | GenAsia Biotech | 96T | EUR 559.2 |
Total RNA - Human Adult Normal Tissue: Adrenal |
|||
| R1234004-50 | Biochain | 50 ug | EUR 199 |
Human adrenal cortex antibody(ACA)ELISA Kit |
|||
| QY-E01612 | Qayee Biotechnology | 96T | EUR 495.6 |
Human adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA Kit |
|||
| YLA1611HU-48T | Shanghai YL Biotech | 48T | EUR 435 |
Human adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA Kit |
|||
| YLA1611HU-96T | Shanghai YL Biotech | 96T | EUR 562.5 |
Human adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA Kit |
|||
| YLA0021HU-48T | Shanghai YL Biotech | 48T | EUR 435 |
Human adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA Kit |
|||
| YLA0021HU-96T | Shanghai YL Biotech | 96T | EUR 562.5 |
Human adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA Kit |
|||
| SL0071Hu | Sunlong | 96 Tests | EUR 468 |
Rabbit adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E04A2028-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Rabbit adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E04A2028-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Rabbit adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E04A2028-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Monkey adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E09A2028-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Monkey adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E09A2028-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Monkey adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E09A2028-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Human Gland Adrenal Lysate Cytoplasmic Fraction |
|||
| IHUGLARTLCYT100UG | Innovative research | each | EUR 393 |
|
Description: Human Gland Adrenal Lysate Cytoplasmic Fraction |
|||
Total Protein - Human Adult Normal Tissue: Adrenal |
|||
| P1234004 | Biochain | 1 mg | EUR 351 |
Frozen Tissue Section - Human Adult Normal: Adrenal |
|||
| T1234004 | Biochain | 5 slides | EUR 343 |
Innovative Grade US Origin Porcine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGAPCGLARFX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 210 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Porcine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Porcine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGAPCGLARPX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Porcine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Porcine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGAPCGLARSX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Porcine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Porcine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGAPCGLARZX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Porcine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Porcine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGPCGLARFX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Porcine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Porcine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGPCGLARPX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 210 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Porcine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Porcine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGPCGLARSX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 210 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Porcine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Innovative Grade US Origin Porcine Gland Adrenal |
|||
| IGPCGLARZX1 | Innovative research | each | EUR 133 |
|
Description: Innovative Grade US Origin Porcine Gland Adrenal |
|||
Human Liver Cirrhosis Gland Adrenal Tissue Lysate |
|||
| IHUGLARCIRTL100UG | Innovative research | each | EUR 1413 |
|
Description: Human Liver Cirrhosis Gland Adrenal Tissue Lysate |
|||
ELISA kit for Human adrenal cortex antibody,ACA |
|||
| EK0131 | SAB | 96 tests | EUR 854.4 |
|
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Human adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. |
|||
Membrane Protein - Human Adult Normal Tissue: Adrenal |
|||
| P3234004 | Biochain | 0.1 mg | EUR 535 |
Paraffin Tissue Section - Human Adult Normal: Adrenal |
|||
| T2234004 | Biochain | 5 slides | EUR 185 |
Guinea pig adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E05A2028-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Guinea pig adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E05A2028-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Guinea pig adrenal cortex antibody,ACA ELISA kit |
|||
| E05A2028-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
|
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig adrenal cortex antibody,ACA in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
|||
Paraffin Tissue Section - Human Adrenal Tumor: Adenoma |
|||
| T2235004-1 | Biochain | 5 slides | EUR 238 |
Adrenal Dissociation System 3 (Adrenocortical), Mouse and Rat |
|||
| 4-20203 | CHI Scientific | ea | Ask for price |
Total Protein - Human Diabetic Diseased Tissue: Adrenal |
|||
| P1236004Dia | Biochain | 1 mg | EUR 471 |
A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR.
Use of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify cDNA products reverse transcribed from mRNA is on the way to becoming a routine tool in molecular biology to study low abundance gene expression. Real-time PCR is easy to perform, provides the necessary accuracy and produces reliable as well as rapid quantification results. But accurate quantification of nucleic acids requires a reproducible methodology and an adequate mathematical model for data analysis.
This study enters into the particular topics of the relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR of a target gene transcript in comparison to a reference gene transcript. Therefore, a new mathematical model is presented. The relative expression ratio is calculated only from the real-time PCR efficiencies and the crossing point deviation of an unknown sample versus a control. This model needs no calibration curve. Control levels were included in the model to standardise each reaction run with respect to RNA integrity, sample loading and inter-PCR variations. High accuracy and reproducibility (<2.5% variation) were reached in LightCycler PCR using the established mathematical model.
One-step inactivation of chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli K-12 using PCR products.
We have developed a simple and highly efficient method to disrupt chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli in which PCR primers provide the homology to the targeted gene(s). In this procedure, recombination requires the phage lambda Red recombinase, which is synthesized under the control of an inducible promoter on an easily curable, low copy number plasmid. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we generated PCR products by using primers with 36- to 50-nt extensions that are homologous to regions adjacent to the gene to be inactivated and template plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes that are flanked by FRT (FLP recognition target) sites. By using the respective PCR products, we made 13 different disruptions of chromosomal genes.
Mutants of the arcB, cyaA, lacZYA, ompR-envZ, phnR, pstB, pstCA, pstS, pstSCAB-phoU, recA, and torSTRCAD genes or operons were isolated as antibiotic-resistant colonies after the introduction into bacteria carrying a Red expression plasmid of synthetic (PCR-generated) DNA. The resistance genes were then eliminated by using a helper plasmid encoding the FLP recombinase which is also easily curable. This procedure should be widely useful, especially in genome analysis of E. coli and other bacteria because the procedure can be done in wild-type cells.
Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes.
BACKGROUND
Gene-expression analysis is increasingly important in biological research, with real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) becoming the method of choice for high-throughput and accurate expression profiling of selected genes. Given the increased sensitivity, reproducibility and large dynamic range of this methodology, the requirements for a proper internal control gene for normalization have become increasingly stringent. Although housekeeping gene expression has been reported to vary considerably, no systematic survey has properly determined the errors related to the common practice of using only one control gene, nor presented an adequate way of working around this problem.
RESULTS
We outline a robust and innovative strategy to identify the most stably expressed control genes in a given set of tissues, and to determine the minimum number of genes required to calculate a reliable normalization factor. We have evaluated ten housekeeping genes from different abundance and functional classes in various human tissues, and demonstrated that the conventional use of a single gene for normalization leads to relatively large errors in a significant proportion of samples tested. The geometric mean of multiple carefully selected housekeeping genes was validated as an accurate normalization factor by analyzing publicly available microarray data.
Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method.
Two different methods of presenting quantitative gene expression exist: absolute and relative quantification. Absolute quantification calculates the copy number of the gene usually by relating the PCR signal to a standard curve. Relative gene expression presents the data of the gene of interest relative to some calibrator or internal control gene.
A widely used method to present relative gene expression is the comparative C(T) method also referred to as the 2 (-DeltaDeltaC(T)) method. This protocol provides an overview of the comparative C(T) method for quantitative gene expression studies. Also presented here are various examples to present quantitative gene expression data using this method.
Anti-RPSA Alexa Fluor® 488 |
|||
| A4-829-C100 | ExBio | 0.1 mg | EUR 372 |
Alexa Fluor® 488 Streptavidin |
|||
| E16FXP040G | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 758.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-rat CD3 |
|||
| E16FRG003-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-rat CD4 |
|||
| E16FRG004-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-rat CD25 |
|||
| E16FRG025-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-rat CD45 |
|||
| E16FRG045-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse IgD |
|||
| E16SDG501-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 411.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse IgD |
|||
| E16SDG501-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse IgE |
|||
| E16SEG501-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 325 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse IgE |
|||
| E16SEG501-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse IgM |
|||
| E16SMG501-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 325 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse IgM |
|||
| E16SMG501-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD3 |
|||
| E16FMG003-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD3 |
|||
| E16FMG003-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD4 |
|||
| E16FMG004-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD5 |
|||
| E16FMG005-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD3 |
|||
| E16FHG003-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 288.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD3 |
|||
| E16FHG003-050 | EnoGene | 50 tests | EUR 411.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD3 |
|||
| E16FHG003-100 | EnoGene | 100 Tests | EUR 682.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD4 |
|||
| E16FHG004-050 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 343 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD4 |
|||
| E16FHG004-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 457.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD8 |
|||
| E16FHG008-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 288.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD8 |
|||
| E16FHG008-050 | EnoGene | 50 tests | EUR 411.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD8 |
|||
| E16FHG008-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 682.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 rat IgG2a |
|||
| E16FRCG002-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 628.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 mouse IgG1 |
|||
| E16FMCG001-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 736.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD8a |
|||
| E16FMG008a-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 130 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD8a |
|||
| E16FMG008a-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 281.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD19 |
|||
| E16FMG019-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD23 |
|||
| E16FMG023-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD24 |
|||
| E16FMG024-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD24 |
|||
| E16FMG024-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD25 |
|||
| E16FMG025-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD25 |
|||
| E16FMG025-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD28 |
|||
| E16FMG028-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD31 |
|||
| E16FMG031-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD36 |
|||
| E16FMG036-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD36 |
|||
| E16FMG036-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD40 |
|||
| E16FMG040-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD41 |
|||
| E16FMG041-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 411.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD41 |
|||
| E16FMG041-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 1061.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD45 |
|||
| E16FMG045-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD45.1 |
|||
| E16FMG045.1-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD45.2 |
|||
| E16FMG045.2-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD48 |
|||
| E16FMG048-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD54 |
|||
| E16FMG054-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD68 |
|||
| E16FMG068-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 541.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD68 |
|||
| E16FMG068-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 1278.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD80 |
|||
| E16FMG080-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD80 |
|||
| E16FMG080-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD83 |
|||
| E16FMG083-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 476.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD83 |
|||
| E16FMG083-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 1191.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD86 |
|||
| E16FMG086-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD86 |
|||
| E16FMG086-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD90.2 |
|||
| E16FMG090.2-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-rat CD45RA |
|||
| E16FRG045RA-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD1a |
|||
| E16FHG001a-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD1c |
|||
| E16FHG001c-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 498.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD1c |
|||
| E16FHG001c-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 1061.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD8a |
|||
| E16FHG008a-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 411.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD8a |
|||
| E16FHG008a-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD14 |
|||
| E16FHG0142-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 325 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD14 |
|||
| E16FHG0142-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD15 |
|||
| E16FHG0151-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD16 |
|||
| E16FHG016-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 455 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD16 |
|||
| E16FHG016-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD19 |
|||
| E16FHG019-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD20 |
|||
| E16FHG020-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD24 |
|||
| E16FHG024-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD25 |
|||
| E16FHG025-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 455 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD25 |
|||
| E16FHG025-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD28 |
|||
| E16FHG028-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD29 |
|||
| E16FHG029-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 455 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD29 |
|||
| E16FHG029-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD31 |
|||
| E16FHG031-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 455 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD31 |
|||
| E16FHG031-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD34 |
|||
| E16FHG034-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 455 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD34 |
|||
| E16FHG034-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD38 |
|||
| E16FHG038-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 455 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD38 |
|||
| E16FHG038-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD40 |
|||
| E16FHG040-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD45 |
|||
| E16FHG045-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 411.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD45 |
|||
| E16FHG045-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD54 |
|||
| E16FHG054-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 455 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD54 |
|||
| E16FHG054-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD64 |
|||
| E16FHG064-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD68 |
|||
| E16FHG068-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 455 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD68 |
|||
| E16FHG068-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 1061.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD69 |
|||
| E16FHG069-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD80 |
|||
| E16FHG080-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 455 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD80 |
|||
| E16FHG080-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD83 |
|||
| E16FHG083-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 1083.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD86 |
|||
| E16FHG086-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 455 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD86 |
|||
| E16FHG086-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD11a |
|||
| E16FMG011a-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD11c |
|||
| E16FMG011c-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD11c |
|||
| E16FMG011c-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD49b |
|||
| E16FMG049b-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD49d |
|||
| E16FMG049d-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD62L |
|||
| E16FMG062L-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD102 |
|||
| E16FMG102-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD103 |
|||
| E16FMG103-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD105 |
|||
| E16FMG105-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD105 |
|||
| E16FMG105-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD106 |
|||
| E16FMG106-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD146 |
|||
| E16FMG146-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 520 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse CD146 |
|||
| E16FMG146-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 1083.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD11a |
|||
| E16FHG011a-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD11b |
|||
| E16FHG011b-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 346.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD11b |
|||
| E16FHG011b-025U | EnoGene | 25 μg | EUR 368.33 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD11b |
|||
| E16FHG011b-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD11b |
|||
| E16FHG011b-100U | EnoGene | 100 μg | EUR 845 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD11c |
|||
| E16FHG011c-025 | EnoGene | 25 tests | EUR 411.67 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD11c |
|||
| E16FHG011c-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||
Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-human CD62L |
|||
| E16FHG062L-100 | EnoGene | 100 tests | EUR 975 |
|
Description: Available in various conjugation types. |
|||